What is PCOS (Polycystic ovary syndrome)?

PCOS is a very common hormonal problem in females. In females with PCOS, male hormones (testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA) are increased. Ovaries are larger than normal and contain many small cysts (visible on sonography).

How is PCOS diagnosed?

PCOS is diagnosed when you have 2 out of following (with normal TSH and prolactin levels)

1. Ovaries are larger than normal and contain many small cysts (visible on sonography).
2. Acne, excessive unwanted hair growth (over chin, lips, chest & back) or increased male hormone levels
3. Irregular periods

How is PCOS treated?

Treatment of PCOS depends on the symptoms. For obese woman with PCOS, diet & lifestyle modifications (for weight loss) are must. For treatment of irregular periods, hormonal pills (e.g. Yasmin, Diane-35, etc.) are required. For excessive hair growth/acne, hormonal pills with/without antiandrogens (spironolactone, finesteride, etc.) are required. Fertility management includes metformin, weight loss and ovulation inducing drugs.

Any role of cosmetic treatment for hirsuitism (excessive unwanted hairs)?

Cosmetic therapy (laser hair removal, waxing, etc.) is useful for hirsuitism in PCOS. But, in majority of the patients hormonal pills are required to control hair growth.

What is the importance of weight loss in PCOS?

Obese patients with PCOS are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, heart diseases & stroke in future. Hence, weight loss is must for these patients. Additionally, weight loss helps in improving the symptoms of PCOS (irregular periods, excessive unwanted hair growth, infertility, etc.) as well.

Is there any permanent cure of PCOS?

No. But as woman approaches menopause, symptoms of PCOS tend to improve in many patients.